Kyrgyzstan

Geography

Economics

Demographics

Military

Politics

Surface

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Proximity

Economic organizations

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Population

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Immigration

Literacy

Health

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Religion

Christianity (share of the total population)

Islam (share of the total population)

Buddhism (share of the total population)

Hinduism (share of the total population)

Judaism (share of the total population)

Other religions (share of the total population)

Non-religious (share of the total population)

Military spending (in % of GDP)

Military spending

In total, Kyrgyzstan spends US$124 million, or 1.66 percent of its GDP on its military. This makes Kyrgyzstan the 132nd highest military spender in the world representing 0.0065 percent of total global military expenditure.

The military of Kyrgyzstan, called the Armed Forces of Kyrgyzstan, consists of a land and an Air Force. Most of its military equipment was inherited by its Soviet era and is still used today. The Kyrgyz military has been cooperating closely with the military of the United States as well as the Russian military of which it hosts two air bases.

Military membership

It is also a member of five international military organizations which ranks it as the 76th most connected state in the world. It is a member of the following organizations:

Collective Security Treaty Organization
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
International Atomic Energy Agency
Collective Security Treaty Organization

Military membership

International wars

Kyrgyzstan has partaken in one international war. This is:

South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes 2010-2010

Number of international wars fought

Military spending (in US$ million)

Membership (international political organizations)

Currently, Kyrgyzstan is a member of nine international political organizations which makes it the 157th most politically connected state in the world. It is a member of the following organizations:

Member state of the United Nations
International Labour Organization
Asia Cooperation Dialogue
Commonwealth of Independent States
Turkic Council
Organization of Islamic Cooperation
International Organization of Turkic Culture
Interpol
World Organization for Animal Health

Political Membership

Democracy/dictatorship rating

Because of the wish for democracy by the Kyrgyz people as well as the ousting of authoritarian leaders, Kyrgyzstan is ranked as the 103rd third most democratic state in the world. This is mainly due to corruption that is present in all levels of government.

Democracy/Dictatorship

The politics of Kyrgyzstan take place in the form of a presidential democratic republic where the Prime Minister is head of government, and the president is head of state. Despite its authoritarian past as well as authoritarian successors of its Soviet era, Kyrgyzstan is considered to be among the most democratic states in the region. This is mainly due to several revolutions at the beginning of the 21st century that ousted these authoritarian leaders.

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Meaning the land of 40 tribes, it is thought to believe that Kyrgyzstan was established by the unification of 40 tribes that lived within its borders during the ninth century. From the ninth century until the start of the 20th century, the region was mainly inhabited by nomadic tribes until it became colonized by the Russian Empire. Shortly after colonization, it became an independent state within the successor of the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union at the end of the 20th century, Kyrgyzstan became an independent state which is currently considered to be in a developing state. .

The geography of Kyrgyzstan almost fully consists of high mountain ranges which are lightly to heavily forested. The exception is its low-lying plane to the west and to the northeast covered by low vegetation. Kyrgyzstan is a landlocked state that borders Kazakhstan to its north, China to its east, Tajikistan to its south and Pakistan to its center and east.

With a total surface area of 200,951 square kilometers or 77,588 square miles, Kyrgyzstan is the 85th largest state in the world being slightly larger than Senegal and slightly smaller than Belarus.

It has 8191 square kilometers or 3166 square miles of water which makes it the 55th state with the highest amount of surface water.

Below, a graph is shown which displays the absolute amount of water of each state in square kilometers and square miles.

Despite having several lakes as well as glaciers that cover 4.1 percent of its surface, Kyrgyzstan does not have sufficient water treatment plants for its citizens. This has resulted in regular waterborne infections and a high contamination rates throughout Kyrgyzstan.

Kyrgyzstan enjoys a continental climate with warm summers and harsh winters. Because of its high elevation, its mountainous area is known to be relatively cool all year round while its low-lying planes are subjected to extreme heat during the summer. The average temperature is 4.9 degrees Celsius or 40.9 degrees Fahrenheit which makes Kyrgyzstan the 188th warmest state in the world.

During the summer period, from June to August, the average temperature is 12.9 degrees Celsius or 55.2 degrees Fahrenheit.

During its winter period, from December to February, the average temperature is 0.8 degrees Celsius or 53.4 degrees Fahrenheit.

Because of its landlocked location as well as being located far away from oceans, Kyrgyzstan receives around 40.6 centimetres or 16 inches of rainfall per year with the majority occurring between March and May. This makes Kyrgyzstan the 168th state with the highest amount of rainfall.

The capital of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek, has a population of approximately 900,000 people. The capital that is furthest removed from Bishkek is Santiago Chile with a distance of 16,831 kilometers or 10,459 miles. The capital that is closest located to Bishkek is Tashkent Uzbekistan with a distance of 466 kilometers or 289 miles.

The economy of Kyrgyzstan is mostly dependent on agriculture as well as the extraction of raw materials such as gold and uranium. Despite having large proven reserves of rare earth minerals, Kyrgyzstan remains one of the poorest states in the region. This is largely due to political and social unrest which has led to a decline in foreign investment as well as the destruction of infrastructure. Most of its goods are imported from China and Russia which combined represent more than 60 percent of all imports. Most of its exports go to the United Kingdom which is solely responsible for 40 percent of all exports.

Kyrgyzstan is a member of 14 international economic organizations making it the 66th most connected state in the world. It is a member of the following organizations:

Alliance for Financial Inclusion
Asian Development Bank
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
Eurasian Development Bank
International Monetary Fund
Islamic Development Bank
World Bank Group
World Customs Organization
World Trade Organization

Economic Cooperation Organization
Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)
Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)
TRACECA Transport Corridor Europe-Caucasus-Asia
Energy Charter Treaty

Its GDP is the 150th highest in the world and is just under US$8 billion which represents 0.01 percent of total global GDP.

Its GDP per surface area is the 174th highest in the world with US$39,753 per square kilometer or US$102,960 per square mile.

Its GDP per capita is US$1245 which is the 163rd highest in the world.

The absolute earnings (GDP per capita) reflect the average yearly income. The figure below shows how much, on average, an inhabitant of another state earns for every $1 earned by a citizen of this state.

Its purchasing power is US$4760 which is the 149th highest in the world.

The relative Gross Domestic Product in Purchasing Power Parity compares the purchasing power of this state with that of the rest of the world. The graph on the left shows how much purchasing power of 1$ compared to the purchasing power of other states

Around 70 percent of the population of Kyrgyzstan is ethnically Arab with larger minorities from Russia and Uzbekistan. Other minorities were Germans and Ukrainians which were reallocated to Kyrgyzstan during the second world war. After independence, most Germans have emigrated back to Germany. Currently, Kyrgyzstan has a population of 6.4 million people which makes it the 146th most populous state in the world.

Its population density is the 147th highest in the world with 32 people per square kilometer or 82 people per square mile.

Around 12.4 percent or nearly 800,000 people have migrated from Kyrgyzstan. The majority of emigrants are ethnic Kyrgyz that have migrated to Russia in order to find better economic opportunities. This makes Kyrgyzstan the 84th state with the highest number of emigrants and represents 0.3 percent of total global migration.

Nearly 200,000 people, or nearly 3 percent of the population has migrated to Kyrgyzstan. Most people migrated to Kyrgyzstan by illegal means and are mainly in transit to Russia for better economic opportunities.

Education is free and compulsory between the ages of six and 16. The educational system of Kyrgyzstan is inherited by its Soviet past and had a high focus on increasing the literacy rate. Currently, Kyrgyzstan has a literacy rate of 99.3 percent which makes it the 19th highest in the world.

The Kyrgyz health care system is in a developing state. The government of Kyrgyzstan is planning to make large investments in combating infant deaths as well as creating more transparency in order to fight corruption within its healthcare system. Currently, a lack of access to healthcare has been one of the leading causes of death in Kyrgyzstan. The average life expectancy is 72 years which is the 125th highest in the world. Women reach an average age of 76 years while men reach an average age of 67.9 years.

Despite recognizing freedom of religion towards all religions by the Kyrgyz government there have been some religious tensions in the past. As a result of Islamic radical terrorist attacks, the state has had several crackdowns of Islamic organizations at the beginning of the 21st century.

Christianity is the second largest religion in Kyrgyzstan and is followed by 9.5 percent of the population. This makes Kyrgyzstan the 154th most Christian state in the world. It was first introduced during the sixth century but was slowly replaced by Islam which became the dominant religion at the end of the 14th century. Today, the largest denomination is Orthodox Christianity which was introduced by the Russian Empire.

Islam is followed by 85.3 percent of the population making Kyrgyzstan the 34th most Islamic state in the world. The largest denomination is the Sunni branch of Islam which represents more than 90 percent of all Muslims.

Buddhism has been present for several millennia in Kyrgyzstan. It can be traced back to the expansion of Buddhism that occurred during the times of the silk Road. Today, however, only 0.07 percent of the population adheres to Buddhism. This is mainly centered around several villages located in the north of Kyrgyzstan.

There are no official Hindu organizations in Kyrgyzstan.

Judaism is represented by 0.04 percent of the population. The number of Jews had increased during the second world war when Kyrgyzstan was seen as a safe haven for Jewish refugees in Europe. After the second world war, many Jews still resided in Kyrgyzstan but slowly began to migrate to Israel.

Other religions are represented by 0.13 percent of the population and are mainly considered to be tribal religions.

Despite promoting state atheism as well as atheism during its Soviet period, the majority of the Kyrgyz people kept practicing their religion in private. Today, around 0.27 percent of the population does not adhere to any religion.